Educational Qualifications
S. Michael Halloran and his cabal maliciously claimed that Paul Trummel
had gained admission to LL&C doctoral study under false pretenses.
Under duress by lawyers,
Gary Judd, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
requested International Education Research Foundation, Inc. to evaluate the credentials.
On receipt of the evaluation, Judd immediately reinstated Trummel in the PhD program.
Introduction
In 1985, S. Michael Halloran, Thomas Phelan, and Gary Judd, formerly Chair (LL&C), Dean (H&SS), Graduate School Dean (RPI) respectively, accepted unequivocally the author’s European academic degree equivalencies, which a string of American universities had previously recognized, as a basis for doctoral program enrolment. Halloran and other LL&C faculty members scrutinized the documents. They had a meeting with the author which resulted in a consensus to grant an exemption from the graduate record examination on the understanding that although the credentials differed from those used in the US they had post-graduate degree equivalency.
RPI graduate school issued a certificate of admission after it checked the equivalencies with Fitchburg State College (FSC), Massachusetts where the author had held a tenure-track position as an assistant professor. FSC Attorney Thomas Coates confirmed that the documents given to Halloran were copies from the “official personnel file of Paul Trummel who was formerly employed by the college as an assistant professor - technology”.
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1974 Fellow of the Institute of Printing 1969 Member of the National Union of Journalists 1964 Member of the Institute of Public Relations 1959 Member of the Institute of Printing (Printing Managers and Overseers Association)
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Furthermore, Mara requested specialist opinions from Dean of Graphics and Vice President of Academic Affairs at Rochester Institute of Technology, New York whose findings concurred with those of FSC. Mara then certified the FSC personnel record and his lawyer later released a copy to LL&C. LL&C faculty, H&SS dean, and RPI graduate school administrators affirmed and ratified the FSC and RIT findings.
Prior to the FSC evaluation, several other US academic institutions accepted the UK credentials as equivalent to US degrees: Boston University, Danforth Museum School, Massachusetts Bay Community College, Northeastern University, Rochester Institute of Technology, and University of Massachusetts Boston. Later, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, San Jose State University, and University of Washington recognized them. International Education Research Foundation (IERF), a credential evaluation service accredited by US Department of Education, twice certified their comparability.
UK equivalency evaluation granted academic qualifications to mature technologists and professional people. They received letters after completion of concurrent work and academic study programs with examination by professional institutes, guilds, or trade unions. Equivalency evaluation filled a void created when UK introduced university degrees in disciplines such as architecture, law, accounting, and graphic arts that had previously relied upon indentured apprenticeship, internship, and institute examination under Royal Charter.
Incorporation by Royal Charter protected the public interest. Once incorporated by Royal Charter a body surrendered significant control of its internal affairs to the Privy Council. Amendments to Charters required the agreement of The Queen in Council. Amendments to by-laws also required the approval of the Council. This effectively meant a significant degree of Government regulation of institute affairs. The Privy Council satisfied itself that such regulation accorded with public policy.
Established in cooperation with UK universities, academic degree equivalencies predicated upon institute or guild criteria which had evolved over several hundred years. University educational standards had evolved in parallel. Equivalency certification allowed transition by granting exemption from, or reciprocity with, either university degrees or institute examinations. In effect, the only difference between them related to the suffixes used to denote qualification - BSc and MSc or a variety of institute letters. UK has since replaced institute education and qualifications with university degrees.
Agreements with foreign institutions, including US universities, ratified UK degree equivalency. US universities have since adopted similar professional programs to those established in UK such as business administration and other professionally oriented disciplines not previously recognized in primarily liberal arts environments.
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Formerly known as the London College of Printing, London College of Communication (LCC) ranks as the largest constituent College of the University of the Arts London (UAL) which draws upon more than 150 years of experience. As Europe's largest university dedicated for art, design, fashion, communication, performing arts. and related technologies, it consists of six internationally renowned colleges, Camberwell College of Arts, Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, Chelsea College of Art and Design, London College of Communication, London College of Fashion, and Wimbledon College of Art. [UAL] International Education Research Foundation (IERF) Established in 1969 in State of California as a non-profit, public-benefit, credentials evaluation agency, IERF researches and disseminates information on world educational systems to facilitate the integration of individuals educated outside the United States into the US educational environment and work force. IERF provides assistance by interpreting the educational backgrounds of people who have studied outside the US and prepares US educational equivalency statements. Used by colleges and universities, professional organizations, state licensing boards, US government agencies, attorneys, and individuals, it ranks as one of the oldest and most respected foreign credentials evaluation agencies in US. [IERF]
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Credential Evaluation by International Education Research Foundation, Inc. (22 Jan 88).
This service acknowledges your request for an evaluation of Paul Trummel’s credentials in terms of United States educational equivalence.
The credentials submitted on behalf of the applicant represent extensive number of years of professional experience, substantial research and publications, validated by nomination and election to various levels of memberships with professional associations in Britain.
In the attempt to validate Mr. Trummel’s credentials, it is imperative that we describe the mechanisms involved in the evaluation process and the premise behind the equivalency status of higher professional qualifications as achieved by this applicant.
The understanding of the higher professional qualifications requires the awareness of the distinctive feature of the British system of education, in which people can obtain these qualifications without attending institutions of higher education. There is a multitude of ways in which people obtain recognized qualifications for all kinds of trades which qualifies them to practice professions.
In Britain, some professional associations qualify their members in the professions while others simply organize them. There are two general categories of membership: members who are qualified to practice their professions by virtue of their membership and those who are not qualified by their membership status, though in most cases they are persons who are working toward professional qualifications.
The grades of membership, within the qualifying association, are especially important because they carry with them the right to practice. Membership is categorized as corporate or non-corporate members. In general, corporate members are fully qualified to practice, and non-corporate members are not. In most associations, there is a studentship stage of membership for those enrolled to study the association’s courses the association’s courses and for persons enrolled in colleges and universities in the association’s discipline
Corporate membership (as attained by Mr. Trummel) includes not only examination requirements but also requirements of age and experience. For corporate members, the highest state is often “fellowship”, preceded in status by either membership or associateship or by both.
In Britain, corporate membership in many societies, as well as numerous academic awards from institutions other than universities, is widely accepted as the equivalent of degrees awarded by universities and by the Council for National Academic Awards. So long as it is accepted that that British first degrees are comparable to American first degrees, it is reasonable to conclude analogically that professional qualifications (such as associateships or memberships) that are equivalent in British first degrees are also comparable to American first degrees, provided the standards and requirements are of a degree level. Subsequently, advanced levels of corporate membership, such as fellowship, will be deemed comparable to advanced degrees in the United States.
By taking the above factors into consideration and on the basis of credentials on file, with this Service, we certify that Paul Trummel has obtained the following professional qualifications:
GRADUATE OF THE INSTITUTE OF PRINTING (1950’s)
Institute of Printing (formerly Institute of Printing Management, London, England)
To be elected as a Graduate of the Institute of Printing, applicants must be at least twenty-one and have received approved training and passed or obtained exemption from the whole of the Institute’s examinations.
Mr. Trummel fulfilled these requirements through his indenture as an apprentice in 1949, completing prescribed training and course work for a period of seven years at the London College of Printing and Graphics.
MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF PRINTING (1960)
Institute of Printing, London, England
Members must be at least twenty-four and have been engaged for at least three years in a relevant position of responsibility since becoming a graduate; or at least twenty-six and have been engaged for at least five years in a relevant position of responsibility and attained approved degree qualification; or at least twenty-eight and have received a good general education and have been engaged in a position of relevant responsibility for at least five years. Such candidates may be required to present a thesis.
Mr. Trummel fulfilled these requirements through his experience and the learning acquired while holding the following positions:
1948-55 Compositor
George Barber and Son, Ltd, London, England
1954-58 Compositor/Technical and Administrative Assistant
Jordan-Gaskell Ltd., England
1957-59 Technical Representative
Douglass and Gilson, Ltd., England
1958-66 Managing Director/Art Director
Paul Trummel and Associates, Ltd., England
FELLOW OF THE INSTITUTE OF DIRECTORS (1961)
(Institute of Directors, England)
The Institute of Directors is incorporated as the official body of directors and chief executive officers of British Commonwealth corporations. Fellowship with the Institute is strictly a professional qualification and an applicant’s eligibility to this status is based upon proposals seconded by peers and conferred by the Council of the Institute.
MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS (1964)
(Institute of Public Relations, England)
Membership is open to candidates who are twenty-eight or over or who have had at least five years comprehensive experience in and are qualified to undertake the practice of public relations; and to persons who are twenty-eight or over who have had at least two years comprehensive experience in and are qualified to undertake the practice of public relations, provided they have been awarded the Institute’s Diploma in Public Relations or (before 1971) have passed the Institute’s Final examination.
Mr. Trummel fulfilled these requirements through his experience listed below:
1959-66 Managing Director/Art Director
Paul Trummel and Associates, Ltd., England
MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL UNION OF JOURNALISTS (1965)
(National Union of Journalists, England)
Member must be twenty-one and have been professionally engaged in journalism for at least three years. Admission is by oral and written examination in practical journalism, conducted by panels of newspaper professionals. Experience in periodical journalism and related press relations activities is a prerequisite.
Mr. Trummel was exempted from the apprenticeship requirement having previously completed this requirement. He presented a paper titled The Mile High Building published in The Science magazine. In addition, he submitted news items and journal articles and participated in the oral examination.
Mr. Trummel’s noteworthy achievements and the learning required in each of the capacities listed indicate that he has attained a level of knowledge and performance ability equivalent in level and purpose to the Bachelor of Science in Graphic Communication, granted by accredited colleges and universities in the United States.
In 1987, Mr. Trummel was elected a fellow of the Institute of Printing (the highest level in the Institute’s ranking of qualifications). Fellowship acknowledges forty years of personal commitment in the field of technical communication, especially in the printing and publishing industry, as an experienced craftsperson, master printer, and educator; prominent standing within, responsibility toward, and connection with the printing and publishing community; and distinctive contributions to the science and art of printing.
Mr. Trummel’s experience beyond 1966 includes:
1965-69 Director of Advertising and Public Relations
The Ealing Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts
1968-72 Consultant in Technical Communications
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of Children Services, Boston, Massachusetts
1971-74 Chief Executive Officer, President
Hunter Press, Inc., Hartford, Connecticut
1973-81 President/Art Director
Fotospectrum International, Inc., Windsor, Connecticut
1980-83 Director, Point Press/Printer of the University
University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
1983-87 Director of College Press and Graphic Designer
Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
1986- Associate Editor, Graphic and Visual Communication
Transactions on Professional Communication
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, New York, New York
Mr. Trummel also has the following teaching experience:
1972-74 Principal, Offset Lithography
Special Training Program at Hunter Press, Inc., Hartford, Connecticut
1981-83 Lecturer, Graphic Arts
Continuing Education Program at Boston Ce nter for Adult Education,
Boston, Massachusetts
1980-82 Lecturer, (Graduate Level), Graphic Communication
Department of Graduate and Continuing Education,
Massachusetts Bay Community College, Wellesley, Massachusetts
1981 Lecturer, Graphic Arts
Department of Adult Education at Newton Public Schools, Newton, Massachusetts
1981 Lecturer, Graphic Design and Printing Technology
Department of Continuing Education at Danforth Museum School
Framingham, Massachusetts
1980-82 Lecturer (Graduate Level), Typography and Graphic Design
Department of Graduate and Continuing Education,
Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
1983-85 Assistant Professor, Graphic Arts
Department of Industrial Technology at Fitchburg State College,
Fitchburg, Massachusetts
1987 Lecturer (Graduate Level), Graphic and Visual Communication
Department of Language, Literature and Communication,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
In addition, Mr. Trummel has published a significant number of articles and held presentations and press conferences related to the printing profession.
Mr. Trummel’s impressive achievements and endeavors in the professional and educational media represent the attainment of a level of knowledge and performance ability equivalent in level and purpose to the Master of Science in Graphic Communication, granted by accredited colleges and universities in the United States.
NOTE: This evaluation is based upon documentation supporting the above-listed qualifications and areas of expertise and experience. For further details regarding the nature of these accomplishments in terms of content, please refer to Mr. Trummel’s curriculum vitae.
Credential Evaluation Service
International Education Research Foundation, Inc.
PO Box 66940, Los Angeles, CA 90066
Credential Affirmation by International Education Research Foundation, Inc. (11 Oct 90).
This is with reference to our telephone conversation earlier today concerning the evaluation prepared by this Service on January 22, 1988.
As I had mentioned during out conversation, the system of education of the United Kingdom, especially the sector dominated by professional bodies has been and continues to be a puzzling area for many educators in the United States. The unique feature of the educational system of the United Kingdom is that people can obtain qualifications through professional bodies recognized by the educational authorities and establishments (in the United Kingdom) without attending a university or polytechnic. In the January 22, 1988 evaluation this Service did attempt to provide substantial information regarding this area.
Although the evaluation was based on professional qualifications awarded by various recognized professional bodies, the work completed for these awards did in fact include an educational element which is deemed comparable to tertiary level studies had you attended a university or polytechnic in the United Kingdom. The comparability of various professional awards to bachelor’s degrees and program contents in undergraduate studies is an agreed upon and understood fact amongst the universities and polytechnics in the United Kingdom.
In addition, for many years, certain programs of training were the responsibilities of the professional bodies since they were not offered at either the universities or polytechnics. This substantiates the acceptability of the status of professional qualifications and professional bodies by the traditional institutions, such as the universities and polytechnics and those in the business and industry in the U. K. and by many international experts in the United States.
I hope that this information will be of assistance to you. Should you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Jasmin Saidi
Associate Director
Credential Evaluation Service
International Education Research Foundation, Inc.
PO Box 66940, Los Angeles, CA 90066
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